达里诺尔国家级自然保护区游憩服务功能价值评估

对自然资源价值的评估是监测自然资源的保护与可持续开发利用效果的理论基础。文章以内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗达里诺尔国家级自然保护区为研究对象,运用旅行费用法对达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的游憩服务功能进行了价值评估,计算出其游憩总价值为7517万元。这一结果可为达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的资源决策和资源补偿提供一定的参考。     

应用高分辨率卫星影像监测退耕地植被的覆盖度

利用QuickBird高分辨率影像,根据QuickBird影像自身特点,改进已有像元二分模型2个参数的估算方法,建立用NDVI归一化植被指数定量估算植被覆盖度的模型,并将该模型应用到退耕地中.结果表明:利用QuickBird影像监测退耕地的植被覆盖度受到退耕苗木树冠大小的限制,树龄小于1年的树木监测效果不佳;树龄大于2.5年的树木监测效果较好,精度可达83%以上,表明用此改进模型对2.5年以上退耕地进行植被覆盖度监测是可行的.     

森林生态价值会计核算原则

对森林生态建设(保护)单位的森林生态价值会计核算的研究与发展将是会计理论的突破性进展.在森林生态价值会计理论中,由于会计的一般属性,决定了这一专业会计对必须遵循会计中的真实性、相关性、可比性、一致性、重要性、及时性、明晰性、谨慎性等原则的要求是一致的;由于其森林生态价值会计的特殊性,又必须在遵循某些原则中有些特殊的处理或者必须遵循一些新的原则.在不同的森林生态价值会计主体中应根据自身的特点分别选择权责发生制原则和收付实现制原则;在遵循配比原则、划分收益性支出与资本性支出原则、可靠性原则等方面应有些特殊的处理或者是对这些原则新的理解;森林生态价值会计的特殊性决定了必须遵循社会性原则及兼顾经济效益和生态效益原则.     

Field test of new poplar clone in Shangdong Province

Poplar is one of the dominant tree species for the establishment of fast growing plantations in Shandong Province.Eighteen poplar clones belonging to Populus aigeiros section were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic regions. Populus deltoides cv. ‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 (1-69), which was widely used in Shandong Province, China, was taken as control clone (1-69).Following a randomized complete block design, seedling test and controlled afforestation trials were carried out at Juxian County,Caoxian County and Laiyang City. The results showed that the poplar clone (Populus x euramericana cv. ‘102/74‘), namely 102/74, performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth rate. The mean height of 13.9 m (H), diameter at breast height of 18.0 cm (DBH) and volume growth of 0.1445 m3 (V) were 2.2 %, 21.6% and 52.9% higher than those of 1-69 (CK), respectively,at the age of 5 years at three experimental sites. Moreover, the clone can be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar disease, pest as well as salinity and had longer growing period. Furthermore, wood basic density and fiber length of new poplar clone (102/74) were as same as 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that the selected clone (102/74) was ideal for the estab-lishment of fast-growing poplar plantations, especially for the pulpwood plantations in Shandong Province.     

GIS中目标选取算法的研究

本文分别对点，线及多边形的选取算法进行了研究。在点状团元选取中，以绝对距离代替通用的平方根距离，提高了选承效率，对于线状团元的选取，定义了一种运算量较小的点到曲线的距离，同样提高了选取效率。为了提高多边形的选取效率，对常用的判定一个点是否为多边形内点的“半直线“方法进行改进，得到了一种运算量较小的算法。     

不同培养条件对捕食性真菌Duddingtonia flagrans生长的影响

为了研究不同生长条件对捕食线虫性真菌Duddingtoniaflagrans生长的影响,本研究将带有D.flagrans菌丝的琼脂块分别接种于不同碳氮比及不同pH值(4.0~8.5)的CMA固体培养基中,在不同温度下(10℃~45℃)进行培养,每天定时观察菌株的发育情况,并测量菌丝生长长度。结果表明,D.flagrans生长最适pH值范围为6.5~7.0,其中以pH 7.0中生长最快;最适温度为35℃;最适碳氮比范围为5∶1~10∶1,其中在碳氮比为5∶1时,生长率最高。菌丝呈辐射状生长,纵横交错,无色,分隔,生长后期有缠绕圈和厚壁孢子的形成。上述结果为进一步研究D.flagrans的生长特性及捕食作用条件奠定了基础。     

无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响。选择18 kg左右断奶仔猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂含抗生素基础饲粮(每千克含黄霉素5 mg),试验组饲喂80%基础饲粮和20%的无抗发酵饲料组成的试验饲粮。试验期154 d。结果表明:1)试验组的末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量都显著高于对照组(P0.05),而料重比则显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)试验组中期和后期的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05),而试验组中期和后期的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量的对数值显著低于对照组(P0.05)。3)在十二指肠肠段,试验组肠道食糜中的乳酸菌和大肠杆菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)在十二指肠肠段,试验组肠道每克和每平方厘米黏膜的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验组肠道每克黏膜的大肠杆菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在空肠肠段,试验组肠道每克和每平方厘米黏膜的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。5)试验组的粗蛋白质和粗纤维的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,无抗发酵饲料能提高生长育肥猪的生长性能,改善肠道微生物平衡,增强消化能力。     

优质晚熟荔枝品种“井岗红糯”引种试验初报

“井岗红糯”是由国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系荔枝育种岗位选育,并于2009年通过广东省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名的优质晚熟荔枝新品种。2011年以高接换种方式引入广东省惠来县华湖镇美园村。“井岗红糯”在惠来地区引种4年的表现为：能适应当地气候条件;接穗和砧木能完全亲和;嫁接后枝条生长势旺盛;易成花坐果;成熟期在7月中旬,较当地糯米糍晚10天,较当地怀枝晚5-7天;成熟期果皮鲜红色,果实呈心形,果形指数1.10,焦核率90%,平均单果重28.18g,果皮厚度1.48mm,可食率77.35%,可溶性固形物含量（TSS）20.00,果实性状及品质优于原产地,初步判定引种成功。     

松毛虫早期灾害点遥感监测研究初报

松毛虫早期灾害点遥感监测研究初报武红敢，黄建文，乔彦友（中国林业科学研究院资源信息所北京１００００１）严小君，陈林洪（浙江省江山市森林防疫站江山３２４１００）关键词松毛虫害，ＴＭ数据，影像，监测松毛虫为我国最为严重的森林害虫［１］。几十年来，各级政府...     

Evolution of toxicity upon hydrolysis of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl

Hydrolysis of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FE), a widely used herbicide, was studied in aqueous buffer solutions at pH ranging from 4.0 to 10.0. The degradation kinetics, strongly dependent on pH values, followed first-order kinetics. FE was relatively stable in neutral media, whereas it degraded rapidly with decreasing or increasing pH. In acidic conditions (pH = 4, 5), the benzoxazolyl-oxy-phenyl ether linkage of FE was cleaved to form ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanoate (EHPP) and 6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzoxazol-2-one (CDHB). While in basic conditions (pH = 8, 9, 10), herbicidal activity fenoxaprop-p (FA) was formed via breakdown of the ester bond of the herbicide. Both the two pathways were concurrent in neutral conditions (pH = 6, 7). Toxicity studies on Daphnia magna showed that FE was most toxic to D. magna with 48 h EC(50) of 14.3 micromol/L, followed by FA (43.8 micromol/L), CDHB (49.8 micromol/L), and EHPP (333.1 micromol/L). Mode of toxic action analysis indicated that EHPP exhibited toxicity via polar narcosis, whereas CDHB belonged to reactive acing compound. The mixture toxicity of CDHB and EHPP was nonadditive and can be predicted by a response addition model. Therefore, the evaluation of overall FE toxicity to D. magna in the aquatic systems needs to consider the degradation of FE.